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Broccoli: A Winter Hero

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As the cold settles into our gardens and kitchens, one green vegetable continues to thrive: broccoli. Nutritional therapist Paula Sharp introduces this winter hero, including gardening tips, recipes and nutritional benefits.

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This pretty vegetable that looks remarkably like a small shrub has a fascinating history, impressive health credentials and in my opinion a starring role in the winter vegetable patch. Broccoli is more than just a basic side dish; it’s a powerhouse for human health.

From Ancient Rome to Kiwi gardens

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) was grown in the Mediterranean over 2000 years ago. It was developed by ancient Romans from wild cabbage, and its name comes from the Italian broccolo, meaning ‘flowering crest of a cabbage’ (broccoli is the plural). Broccoli belongs to the nutrient-rich Brassica family, along with cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts and cabbage.

Broccoli made its way through Europe and into our kitchens much later, and today it is a staple in many New Zealand gardens, especially in winter. This cool-season crop doesn’t just survive frosts; it thrives in them.

Broccoli plants growing in a raised bed. Photo: Rachael & Zane Ross / Flickr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Growing broccoli

Broccoli loves cool, crisp conditions, making it ideal for late autumn and winter planting in New Zealand.

Sow seeds or transplant seedlings from mid-autumn, and you’ll be harvesting heads from June through to September, with August being a prime time in many regions.

You can still sow seeds or transplant seedlings in August or early September. Plug plants will also continue to thrive particularly in cooler areas or a chilly spring.

For best growth:

  • Plant in full sun
  • Use well-drained, compost-rich soil
  • Keep soil moist but not soggy
  • Space plants well to allow airflow and strong head formation

Photo: Gretta Hoffman, Pexels

You’ll know it’s ready to harvest when the central head is tight, deep green, and about the size of a fist. Cut just above the first set of leaves. Many varieties produce smaller side shoots after the main head is removed, giving you bonus crops well into spring.

Broccoli’s nutritional benefits

Broccoli truly earns its superfood status. Packed with vitamin C, fibre and antioxidants, broccoli is a winter immune-booster. Its compounds – sulforaphane, glucosinolates and indole-3-carbinol – help fight inflammation, support hormone balance and protect against cellular damage.

Key nutrients:

  • Vitamin C – For immune defence, collagen production, and iron absorption
  • Vitamin K – Vital for bone health and blood clotting
  • Folate – Essential for DNA repair and cell growth
  • Potassium and magnesium – Help regulate blood pressure and muscle function
  • Iron – Supports energy and oxygen transport
  • Calcium – Supports bone health

Powerful phytochemicals:

  • Sulforaphane – A compound linked to reduced inflammation, detoxification, and potential cancer-fighting properties
  • Lutein and zeaxanthin – Support healthy vision and protect against eye strain

Photo: Freepik

The best ways to eat broccoli

Different cooking methods impact nutrient availability, so it pays to mix things up:

  • Light steaming helps preserve sulforaphane and vitamin C
  • Roasting enhances flavour but slightly reduces heat-sensitive nutrients like vitamin C
  • Raw broccoli (like in slaws or salads) keeps vitamin C levels high but may cause bloating or discomfort for people with sensitive digestive tracts.
  • Stalks and leaves are edible too: dice them into soups, stir-fries or make vegetable stock for extra fibre and flavour. I sneak these into bolognaise sauces, meat or vegetarian pies and rice dishes (don’t tell my children).
  • NB: Older broccoli stalks or stems can be very fibrous.  If so, peel these before dicing and cooking.

Absorption tips

Pair broccoli with a source of healthy fat (like olive oil, avocado, or tahini) to absorb fat-soluble vitamins like Vitamin K. Combine it with vitamin C-rich foods (like lemon juice or capsicum) to boost plant-based iron absorption.

Why eat in season?

Choosing in-season broccoli means you’re getting it at its freshest, most nutritious, and most affordable. It also supports local growers and reduces the environmental impact of long-haul transport. Whether you grow it yourself or pick it up from your local farmers’ market, broccoli in August is a winter win – it just tastes better.

Purple sprouting broccoli – photo: Conall/Flickr

Broccoli recipes

Here are two easy ways to enjoy broccoli while it’s at its peak.

Lemon and garlic broccoli

Serves 4 as a side dish.

  • Lightly steam florets from a medium head of broccoli for 4–5 minutes.
  • Toss with 2 teaspoons of extra virgin olive oil, 2 cloves of minced garlic, a pinch of flaky sea salt, and a squeeze of fresh lemon juice.

Simple, fresh, and perfect as a side.

Creamy broccoli and pumpkin soup

Serves 4. This makes a beautifully textured soup with the broccoli florets and blended pumpkin.

Ingredients

  • 1 onion
  • 4 cloves garlic
  • 1 large teaspoon olive oil
  • 1 medium pumpkin or large butternut squash
  • 1 large broccoli head
  • 1 litre vegetable stock

Photo: Paula Sharp

Method

  1. Dice the onion and dice or mince the garlic, then sauté in oil.
  2. Cut the pumpkin or squash into cubes.
  3. Chop the broccoli stem (save the florets for later), and simmer with the stock until soft. For a thicker soup, add less liquid. 
  4. Blend until smooth with a stick blender.
  5. Cut the rest of the broccoli into florets and steam them.
  6. Add florets to the soup and season well.
  7. Top with a sprinkle pumpkin seeds and a swirl of Greek yoghurt or coconut cream.

AUTHOR BIO: Paula Sharp is a nutritional therapist working one-to-one via Zoom to support women’s health, restore gut health and digestion, hormonal balance, skin and hair, sleep, shifting weight and health pre- and post-surgery. www.paulasharpnutrition.com

She is also a guest speaker, giving talks to companies on nutrition and mindset. In London she worked in the organic fruit and vegetable industry, and now she is based in Whakatāne, growing her own extensive spray-free garden.

Photo at top of article: Alabama Extension, Wikimedia Commons

Love leeks!

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A champion winter vegetable 

Nutritional therapist Paula Sharp loves leeks. Here she introduces this often unsung hero, including gardening tips, recipes and nutritional benefits.

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Elegant, elongated with a mild onion flavour, leeks are a staple in New Zealand kitchens and gardens throughout winter. The leek is a cultivar of the broadleaf wild leek (Allium ampeloprasum), and is the largest vegetable cousin of garlic, chives, spring onions, onions, and shallots. Leeks are more subtle in taste to their pungent onion relative and add a savoury sweetness to food without overpowering other flavours.

Leeks arrived in New Zealand with settlers from the British Isles. Historically, they were cultivated by ancient Egyptians and were highly prized by the Romans. In Wales, the leek is a national symbol, worn on Saint David’s Day and linked to historic battles and Welsh identity.

Growing leeks

In New Zealand, leeks are sown from early spring and harvested throughout the autumn and winter, with peak availability in June and July. They are well-suited to our cool, moist climates and thrive in loose, fertile soil. The plants take several months to mature and are ready to harvest when they reach 2–3 cm in diameter, although smaller ‘baby leeks’ are also prized for their tenderness. I love to use early, baby leeks interchangeably with late-planted spring onions.

The best growing conditions for leeks include full sun, and rich, well-drained soil with plenty of compost. They require regular watering and benefit from a technique called blanching — mounding soil around the stems to keep them tender and pale. This process not only gives leeks their classic white base but also improves the flavour. To harvest, gently loosen the soil and pull up the plant by the base. Leeks can be stored in the fridge for several weeks, or left in the garden and harvested as needed, even in frosty conditions.

Rows of leeks showing the blanching technique. Image: Mat Reding /Pexels

Health benefits

Leeks pack a punch nutritionally. Nature again provides the right vegetables (and fruits) at the right time of year to support human health. They are dense in fibre, but it’s the sulphuric smell of all alliums where the nutritional magic lies. This distinct smell acts as an insect deterrent while the vegetable is growing and is a delight for the gut microbiome when it’s eaten.

These sulphuric compounds have antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. The rich antioxidants of leeks (polyphenols and kaempferol) are heart-protective and have anti-inflammatory effects. The sulphur compounds (such as allicin) not only support cardiovascular health but also immune function.

Other health benefits of leeks are:

  • Vitamin K – for blood clotting and bone health
  • Vitamin A – supports vision and immune function
  • Vitamin C – helps with collagen formation and immune defence
  • Folate – for cell growth and development
  • Manganese and iron – supports metabolism and red blood cell production
Roasted leeks with vinaigrette – recipe below (Photo: Paula Sharp)

Cooking that maximises nutrition

Most of these nutrients are concentrated in the lower white and light green portions of the leek. The more fibrous darker green tops are great in stocks, soups, or even finely chopped into stir-fries. Cooking leeks lightly — by sautéing, steaming, or slow roasting — preserves their medicinal qualities while softening their texture and enhancing their sweetness.

To maximise iron and vitamin A absorption, pair leeks with a source of vitamin C (like lemon juice or capsicum) or healthy fats such as olive or coconut oil.

Leeks are especially popular and well matched in potato and leek soup, a classic winter delight. Roasted leeks make a fantastic side dish, and combine beautifully with cheese, mustard, and herbs like thyme and tarragon.

Before cooking, always rinse leeks thoroughly. Their layered structure can trap soil and grit, particularly between the white and green sections. Slice them lengthwise and soak in water to remove any debris.

Potato, leek and coconut milk soup

Ingredients

  • 2 tbsp coconut oil or butter
  • 3 leeks, white and light green parts only, sliced
  • 2 garlic cloves, minced
  • 4 medium potatoes, peeled and diced
  • 1.2 litres vegetable or chicken stock
  • Salt and pepper to taste
  • ½ cup coconut milk
  • Chopped parsley to garnish
Image: kaboompics / Pexels

Method

  1. Heat oil in a large pot. Sauté leeks and garlic until soft.
  2. Add potatoes and stock, bring to boil, then simmer for 20–25 minutes.
  3. Blend with a stick blender until smooth, or use a potato masher for a chunkier consistency. 
  4. Stir in coconut milk, season, and garnish with parsley.

Roast leeks and mustard vinaigrette

Roast leeks are a taste sensation and can be a dinner party show stopper.

Ingredients

  • 4 medium leeks, trimmed and halved lengthwise
  • 2 tbsp coconut oil
  • Salt and pepper to taste

For the vinaigrette:

  • 1 tbsp Dijon mustard
  • 1 tbsp red wine vinegar
  • 1 tsp raw honey
  • 3 tbsp olive oil

Lochlan Holding relishing some roasted leeks (Photo: Paula Sharp)

Method

  1. Preheat oven to 180°C fan bake.
  2. Place leeks in a baking dish, with coconut oil, salt, and pepper.
  3. Roast for 20 minutes or until tender.
  4. Whisk mustard, vinegar, honey, and olive oil vinaigrette.
  5. Drizzle over warm leeks before serving.

AUTHOR BIO: Paula Sharp is a nutritional therapist working one-to-one via Zoom to support women’s health, restore gut health and digestion, hormonal balance, skin and hair, sleep, shifting weight and health pre- and post-surgery. www.paulasharpnutrition.com

She is also a guest speaker, giving talks to companies on nutrition and mindset. In London she worked in the organic fruit and vegetable industry, and now she is based in Whakatāne, growing her own extensive spray-free garden.

Healthy weight loss

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Diana Noonan discovered a surprising bonus while following a plant-based whole food eating plan – and shares her recipes for wholefood bliss balls and whole grain crackers.

The following is from personal experience, and is not intended as professional dietary advice. This article was first published in Organic NZ Jan/Feb 2021.

Fluctuating weight

When friends I haven’t met for a while fail to recognise me, I try to cover their embarrassment with a joke.

“I should have become a spy,” I laugh. “I have a very unmemorable face!”

But that’s not quite true. The reason they don’t recognise me is that my weight has been forever on the move. And we’re not just talking by a few hundred grams. For as long as I can remember, and despite being vegetarian since I was a teen, latterly a vegan, and having at least 30 minutes of exercise daily, I’ve struggled to keep within a healthy body mass index (BMI) as prescribed by the New Zealand Ministry of Health.

Instead, as someone who found it impossible to stop at just ‘one’ of anything sweet or refined, I’ve been either collecting the kilos, or in the throes of a restrictive diet. From Weight Watchers to Dukan, and the Mediterranean to the raw-food diet, I’ve tried them all. What’s more, they’ve almost always worked. But then, as soon as goal weight was reached, and everyday eating cut back in, I was back to square one.

The plant-based whole food pantry – let the eating begin! Photos: Diana Noonan

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Diana Noonan is a Catlins-based writer and organic gardener who enjoys eating what she grows.